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0410/2025 - Prevalence and associated factors of disability among older adults in Brazil: National Health Survey, 2019
Prevalência e fatores associados à deficiência em pessoas idosas no Brasil: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019

Author:

• Dalia Elena Romero - Romero, DE - <dalia.romero@fiocruz.br>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-9797

Co-author(s):

• Leo Ramos Maia - Maia, LR - <leormaia96@gmail.com>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1531-0880
• Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Júnior - Souza Júnior, PRB - <pborges1@gmail.com>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-4790


Abstract:

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of disability among older adults in Brazil and its association with personal (sex, race/skin color, age group, per capita household income, and education) and environmental factors (region, private health insurance, and visits from Community Health Workers). This is a cross-sectional study including 45,854 older adults from the 2019 National Health Survey. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance, expressed as prevalence ratios (PRs). The overall prevalence of disability was 24.8%. Older age and lower socioeconomic status were the main predictors of disability. Prevalence was 2.23 times higher (95%CI: 1.91–2.60) among individuals with no education compared to those with higher education, and 2.52 times higher (95%CI: 2.35–2.69) in the 80+ age group compared to those aged 60–69 years. Other inequity markers, such as lower income, being female, and not having private health insurance, were also associated with higher prevalence (PRs < 1.60). The results demonstrate that the high prevalence of disability in this population is marked by social inequities, which weakens purely biological interpretations and highlights that part of the problem is potentially preventable.

Keywords:

Aged, Persons with Disabilities, Health Status Disparities

Content:

Prevalence and associated factors of disability among older adults in Brazil: National Health Survey, 2019


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Cite

Romero, DE, Maia, LR, Souza Júnior, PRB. Prevalence and associated factors of disability among older adults in Brazil: National Health Survey, 2019. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2025/Dec). [Citado em 28/01/2026]. Está disponível em: http://www.cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/en/articles/prevalence-and-associated-factors-of-disability-among-older-adults-in-brazil-national-health-survey-2019/19886



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