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0023/2026 - “Merchants of doubt” and vaccine politicization: Brazil in times of pandemic
“Mercadores da dúvida” e politização vacinal: Brasil em tempos de pandemia

Author:

• Vanessa Moreira Sígolo - Sígolo, VM - <vanessa.sigolo@unifesp.br>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-1742

Co-author(s):

• Jade Percassi de Carvalho - Carvalho, JP - <jade@alumni.usp.br>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2050-3091
• Pedro Fiori Arantes - Arantes, PF - <pedro.arantes@unifesp.br>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-294X
• Soraya Soubhi Smaili - Smaili, SS - <ssmaili@unifesp.br>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-1368
• Débora Foguel - Foguel, D - <foguel@bioqmed.ufrj.br>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-7115
• Karinne Marieta - Marieta, K - <karinnemarieta@gmail.com>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-8498
• Mauricio Moura - Moura, M - <mjmoura@gwmail.gwu.edu>
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6148-7944
• Arthur Chioro - Chioro, A - <arthur.chioro@unifesp.br>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7184-2342


Abstract:

The article analyzes the impacts of anti-vaccine discourses on Brazilian public perception in the post-pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy was associated with factors that are largely related to low education and income, such as lack of access to information. In public opinion surveys, conducted in 2021 and 2023 by the SoU_Ciência Center (Unifesp), with Instituto Ideia (comprising a series of surveys on science and public university), we analyzed the segments most affected by anti-vaccine discourses. We observed that, combined with the aforementioned factors, the current rise in vaccine hesitancy has new characteristics, resulting from the impacts of the actions of “merchants of doubt”. We relate the analysis to examples collected in a study on disinformation during the pandemic, also conducted by the Center, with evidence of the role of a system in disseminating anti-vaccine discourses in the country. As a result, we identified significant polarizations in public opinion among segments with different political, religious, and educational backgrounds, creating a framework of vaccine politization that put at risk the historic achievements of the National Immunization Program. However, the study also presents important convergences that contribute to confronting denialisms, and straightening democracy and collective health today.

Keywords:

vaccines, public opinion, information avoidance, pandemics, COVID-19

Content:

“Merchants of doubt” and vaccine politicization: Brazil in times of pandemic


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How to

Cite

Sígolo, VM, Carvalho, JP, Arantes, PF, Smaili, SS, Foguel, D, Marieta, K, Moura, M, Chioro, A. “Merchants of doubt” and vaccine politicization: Brazil in times of pandemic. Cien Saude Colet [periódico na internet] (2026/Jan). [Citado em 28/04/2026]. Está disponível em: http://www.cienciaesaudecoletiva.com.br/en/articles/merchants-of-doubt-and-vaccine-politicization-brazil-in-times-of-pandemic/19921?id=19921



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