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0064/2026 - Challenges for the new regulation on medical Cannabis in Brazil
Desafios para o novo marco regulatório da Cannabis medicinal no Brasil

Author:

• Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro - Osorio-de-Castro, CGS - <claudiaosorio.soc@gmail.com>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-7216

Co-author(s):

• Ângela Esher - Esher, A - <esher.moritz@gmail.com>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-8636
• Catia Veronica dos Santos Oliveira - Oliveira, CVS - <catiaveronica27@gmail.com>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0464-1476
• Cláudia Du Bocage Santos-Pinto - Santos-Pinto, CDB - <bocage.santos@ufms.br>
ORCID: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-5478-4977


Abstract:

Until recently, the regulation of medical Cannabis (MC) in Brazil was based on norms that did not comprehensively address its sanitary and regulatory dimensions. In February 2026, the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) issued a new set of regulations—Collegiate Board Resolutions (RDCs) 1,011, 1,012, 1,013, 1,014, and 1,015—covering MC from the updating of the List of Controlled Substances to cultivation, research, production, quality control, and regulatory experimentation (Regulatory Sandbox). These regulations are expected to represent a significant shift in the regulatory framework, with potential implications for research and evidence generation, its use within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and litigation for access. However, important challenges remain, including regulatory clarity regarding controlled substances, the need for coordination among governmental bodies—including Anvisa—in implementing the new framework, difficulties faced by producers in adapting to the new requirements, and, notably, the persistent regulatory gap concerning imports. Positive outcomes will depend on strengthening the research agenda and on the production of robust evidence to support health technology incorporation and public financing.

Keywords:

medical Cannabis, health regulation, public health policy

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